(Lots more to come now that I've read [[Meditations - Marcus Aurelius]])
Stoics held that the world itself is an organic physical totality that's governed by what logos or divine reason. There is an order to the world. The responsibility of human beings, given that order, is to cultivate a particular kind of “virtue”. Virtue on the Stoic picture is acting in accord with what reason tells you “nature” demands. Virtue is going along with the grand scheme of things, and not trying to fight against what is pre-divined for you.
Stoicism is actually the base for a lot of theologies - the philosophy is a lot more theistic than I thought it was/is rooted in some kind of belief in the "divine". But it's seems more pre-religion and less religion. However, Stoicism is ultimately belief in the universe, if not a single deity. (This reminds me of [[Jordan Peterson]] - when you question someone about their belief in God, you don't know what "believe" means to them, neither do you know what "God" means to them.)
This leads into a tangent - to define whether Stoicism is ultimately a religion, you'd have to define what religion and "belief in the divine" really are. The more you think about it, the more you realize that Stoicism could be just another term for a belief in "God". According to the philosophy, there are some things that are "predetermined" or out of your control, and others that aren't - [[Free will]]. There are things in our control, that exist in this realm or the physical realm, and then there are things that are not in our control, those controlled by a larger divine being, or however one would like to refer to it.
So, it's not surprising that elements of the Stoic tradition get picked up in subsequent theistic traditions.
Everybody has beliefs, even if those beliefs are that beliefs aren't. Besides, everything revolves around belief, and [[collective trust]]. Therefore, it's often hard for us to believe that other people don't believe what we believe, and that lack of trust - because of the lack of belief about other beliefs - is the root cause of disruption and violence.